Stories Are Weapons: Psychological Warfare and the American Mind, by Annalee Newitz. I learned about this book from Worldcon and also saw the author in one of the panels. As a narrative psychologist specializing in public discourse, it was very interesting for me to see what a journalist (who also writes speculative fiction) thinks about the field.
On the one hand, they (Newitz is non-binary) aren’t being systematic in the way I would try to be. For example, they aren’t being precise about using the word “story.” People use “story” and “narrative” in a variety of ways – to refer to a particular telling of a particular story (like, for example, Robin McKinley’s Beauty) or to the generic version of a particular story (which in this case is the story “The Beauty and the Beast,” about a particular woman named Beauty and her history with an unnamed shape-shifted human in beast form), or, even more generically, the “story” of how a woman might find herself trapped in a relationship with a troubled man and perhaps transform him into the man she knows he could be – which doesn’t sound all that healthy, when you’re being that generic about it.
Instead of being systematic about the topic (and the term “story”), Newitz’s book is more of a history and an exploration. As such, it’s quite interesting and pointed out to me some important places in the field that I haven’t devoted much attention to. My work focuses on people telling stories and meta-stories in good faith, although sometimes for what most of us would consider evil purposes – they are describing the world as they see it and speculating what could happen. Of course, people also strategically lie! Newitz discusses disinformation and misinformation (and I saw a distinction between them but if it was in this book I’m not finding it again) – non-factual stories deliberately fed to the public to influence them. (The Internet tells me that disinformation is false information spread deliberately to deceive people, while misinformation is false information spread inadvertently where there’s no intent to deceive. Of course, on social media, people can plant disinformation which others spread as misinformation.)
They also focus extensively on military psyops, for which the handbook was created by Paul Linebarger, who I was familiar with under his pen name, Cordwainer Smith. They discuss the history of propaganda, malicious slander (as in the book, The Bell Curve, which “explains” – using seriously flawed data – that Black people on average are just not as smart as white people), culture wars over comic books, research on authoritarianism and what appeals to people who think like that, etc. I was especially interested to learn that Ben Franklin engaged in writing anonymous disinformation propaganda, because I’ve been using a journalistic piece based on his propaganda in my own writing, not knowing that this inflammatory passage was itself based on something Franklin wrote to deceive the public.
I also really enjoyed reading the history of the Coquille people, since I grew up on the Oregon coast and knew something of them already and have seen the leader whose story Newitz tells. Newitz also met with my colleague Ajit Maan! Another person described in the book also has deep connections in Eugene and used to spend a lot of time with his child at our public library. Newitz’s ideas about “applied science fiction” bear further consideration and reminded me of the “New Mythos” group I’ve participated in, although it currently seems to have become inactive.
For an energetic, thought-provoking, and wide ranging exploration of the use of stories in the public sphere, I definitely recommend this book – but I hope to supplement it with more systematic discussions too.